Mould Slag Property Measurements to Characterize Cc Mould – Shell Gap Phenomena
نویسندگان
چکیده
Multi-faceted experiments were conducted to measure the properties of several mould slags needed for the fundamental characterization of heat transfer and friction in the interfacial gap between the shell and mould during the continuous casting (CC) of steel. A novel apparatus was used to measure the friction coefficient between solidified mould flux and copper at elevated temperatures. The measured softening temperature is interpreted as the glass transition temperature and is used to extrapolate the slag viscosity-temperature curves far into the low temperature – high viscosity region. Continuous-cooling transformation curves were extracted from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test samples and thermocouple dip tests. Time-temperature transformation curves were obtained from a similar analysis of melted mould powder samples that were atomized into droplets, quenched to form glass and then partially devitrified by reheating to different temperatures for different times and quenched. Polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis revealed distinct crystalline and glassy layers, but no severe macrosegregation in a tail-out slag film taken from an operating caster. The results from these new measurements have important implications for the prediction of interfacial gap phenomena including mould heat transfer, friction, slag layer fracture and steel surface quality. Résumé — On a effectué des expériences à facettes multiples pour mesurer les propriétés des scories de plusieurs moules nécessaires à la caractérisation fondamentale de la transmission de chaleur et de la friction dans l’intervalle interfacial entre la coquille et le moule pendant la coulée continue (CC) de l’acier. On a utilisé un nouvel appareil pour mesurer le coefficient de friction entre le fondant solidifié du moule et le cuivre à des températures élevées. On interprète la température mesurée du ramollissement comme étant la température de transition vitreuse et on l’utilise pour extrapoler les courbes de viscosité–température de la scorie bien avant dans la région de basse température–haute viscosité. On a extrait les courbes de transformation par refroidissement continu à partir de l’analyse par diffraction des rayons X (XRD) des échantillons d’évaluation de calorimétrie différentielle à compensation de puissance (DSC) et à partir d’évaluation de trempes de thermocouple. Les courbes temps–température– transformation ont été obtenues à partir d’une analyse similaire d’échantillons fondus de poudre de moule que l’on a atomisés en gouttelettes, trempés pour former un verre et ensuite partiellement dévitrifiés en re-chauffant à différentes températures pour des durées variées, et ensuite trempés. La microscopie à lumière polarisée, la microscopie électronique à balayage (SEM) et l’analyse des rayons X à dispersion d’énergie (EDX) ont révélé des couches distinctes, cristalline et vitreuse, mais pas de macro–ségrégation importante dans un film de scorie d’aval pris dans une machine opérationnelle de coulée. Les résultats de ces nouvelles mesures ont des implications importantes dans la prédiction des phénomènes d’intervalle interfacial incluant la transmission de chaleur du moule, la friction, la rupture de la couche de scorie et la qualité de la surface de l’acier.
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Slag Infiltration, Lubrication and Frictional Forces
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